Bladder cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the cells of the bladder. It most commonly arises from the urothelial cells lining the inside of the bladder. Symptoms may include blood in urine, frequent urination, and pelvic pain. Early detection and treatment are crucial for better outcomes.

• Blood in urine (Hematuria): The most common and early symptom.
• Frequent urination: Increased urge to urinate, often with discomfort.
• Pelvic or back pain: May indicate advanced disease.
• Smoking: The biggest risk factor; tobacco chemicals irritate bladder lining.
• Chemical exposure: Certain industrial chemicals increase risk.
• Chronic bladder irritation: Repeated infections or long-term catheter use.
• Age and gender: More common in older adults and men.