Urological oncology deals with cancers of the genitourinary tract, including

• Prostate Cancer
• Bladder Cancer
• Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC)
• Testicular Cancer
• Penile Cancer

• Risk Factors: Age > 50, African ancestry, family history, BRCA2
• Symptoms: Often asymptomatic, LUTS, bone pain (mets)
• Diagnosis: PSA, DRE (hard, nodular), TRUS biopsy
• Grading: Gleason score
• Staging: MRI pelvis, PSMA PET-CT for metastasis

• Localized: Active surveillance, radical prostatectomy, RT
• Advanced: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), chemo (docetaxel), newer agents (enzalutamide, abiraterone)